O wynikach badań Marsa przez stacje automatyczne typu Viking
Abstract
Stacje typu Viking badały Marsa zarówno z orbity wokółplanetarnej (Orbiter), jak i z· powierzchni planety (Lądownik). Uzyskano dane o fizyce tej planety oraz wiele fotografii. Po raz pierwszy można było oglądać z bliska powierzchnię Marsa i odłamki skalne znajdujące się w pobliżu stacji Viking. Został określony skład chemiczny gruntu i atmosfery Marsa oraz wykonano dokładne pomiary temperatury, które są wyłącznie ujemne i to zarówno w pobliżu równika, jak i biegunów. Woda na Marsie może istnieć tylko pod postacią lodu, śniegu lub pary. ON THE RESULTS OF VIKINGS'S INVESTIGATIONS OF MARSSummaryIn 1975 USA launched, two spacecrafts – Viking I and Viking II – to Mars. The Vikings went into orbit around Mars and each of them separated into two elements – an orbiter and a lander. Each of them had its own scientific laboratory for investigations of the Martian surface and TV cameras. The landers of Vikings tested the soil for signs of life. The or biters observed and mapped Mars from above, investigated the areological processes and phenomena and also physical conditions on the Martian surface. The orbiters transmitted data gathered by them to the Earth. The Vikings landed on the surface of Chryse Plain and Utopia Plain. The landers's scientific instruments collected data including panoramic, stereo and color pictures of its immediate surroundings, made chemical analyses of the Martian soil and Martian atmosphere and also meteorological, magnetic and seismic characteristics. The landers transmitted data to Earth directly or via orbiters.The Vikings's investigations proved that life has never existed on the Martian surface.Downloads
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