O wulkanach tarczowych na Marsie
Abstract
Artykuł zawiera dane dotyczące niektórych wulkanów tarczowych Marsa, których poznanie i bliższe zbadanie stało się możliwe dzięki lotom stacji kosmicznych typu Mariner i Viking. Wulkany Marsa cechują się olbrzymimi rozmiarami, nie spotykanymi dotychczas wśród wulkanów tarczowych innych planet. Przyczyną tego jest trwająca od wielu milionów lat stabilizacja skorupy marsjańskiej.ON THE SHIELD-VOLCANOES ON MARSThe pictures of the Martian surface sent by Mariner 9 and Viking-Orbiter I revealed the existance of the enormous shield-volcanoes on Mars. Volcanoes of Mars resemble the shield-volcanoes of Hawaii at the early stage of their evolution. Closer investigations of these pictures revealed that the activity of the Martian shield-volcanoes declined about 200 m.y. age.The greatest and the youngest shield-volcanoes appear on the northern hemisphere in Tharsis and Elysium regions. The ages of these volcanoes were established on 200 to 2000 m.y. The shield-volcanoes of the southern hemisphere are much older and not so great as the volcanoes of the northern hemisphere. Their ages were established on 3500 to 4000 m.y. The difference of the sizes and ages of the shield-volcanoes of both hemispheres are probably caused by the difference of chemical composition of the rocks of both hemispheres or by difference of the thickness of the Martian crust.Downloads
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