Podstawy wydzielania jednostek stratygraficznych czwartorzędu na podstawie kręgowców
Abstract
Szczątki kostne kręgowców dostarczają danych dla stratygrafii czwartorzędu w dwóch grupach informacji: w zakresie ewolucji gatunków oraz w zakresie zmian paleoekologicznych i paleoklimatycznych. Szybkość zmian ewolucyjnych umożliwia wydzielenie dużych jednostek stratygraficznych, a najbardziej przydatne do tego celu są niektóre grupy gryzoni. Wydzielenie mniejszych jednostek jest niekiedy możliwe przy statystycznym ujęciu drobnych zmian ewolucyjnych (np. proporcji kończyn) na tle wewnątrzpopulacyjnych różnic osobniczych. Zmiany paleoekologiczne odtwarzać można w oparciu o dane dotyczące gatunków współczesnych. Dodatkowe informacje daje takie uchwycenie uwarunkowanych klimatycznie zmian wielkości osobników tego samego. gatunku lub ilości gatunków synpatrycznych.THE PRINCIPLES OF OIFFERENTlATlON OF QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS ON THE BASIS OF VERTEBRATES The Polish localities of Quaternary vertebrates, potentially useful for stratigraphy, are described. The localities include:1. Localities in river sediments, yielding single often redeposited, specimens of large mammals. 2. Upper Tertiary, Protopleistoccnc. Lower and Middle Pleistocene localities in infills of karst forms: Węże, Jaskinia Mała, and Draby near Działoszyn, Podlesice and Jaskinia Żabia near Kroczyce. Rębielice Królewskie and Kamyk near Częstochowa, Kozi Grzbiet near Miedzianka, Kadzielnia in Kielce, and others. 3. Upper Pleistocene cave localities, often with paleolithic archeological material: Nietoperzowa, Koziarnia, and Mamutowa Caves, shelters in Puchacza Skała and Żytnia Skała. Tunel Wielki and others from southern part of the Cracov - Częstochowa Upland. Jaskinia Raj Cave near Kielce. Jaskinia Niedźwiedzia Cave at Kletno. 4. Holocene remains of animals, found in some archeological localities. Remains of vertebrates supply two kinds of information for stratigraphy of the Quaternary: data on evolution of species, and those concerning changes of paleoecological and paleoclimatic conditions. The rates of evolutionary changes make possible differentiation of large stratigraphic units (at least of the order of some hundred thousands years). Some groups of rodents are most useful for these purposes. In turn, statistical treatment of some minor evolutionary changes (e.g. proportions of the limbs) at the background of intra populational individual differences makes sometimes possible the differentiation of smaller units. The method of indirect biostratigraphy is based on analysis of paleontological material from the point of view of paleocological requirements of individual species, mainly with reference to the actualism. Additional information may be obtained by tracing climate-controlled changes in size individuals of a given species or the number of synpatric species. A review of the major European biostratigraphic subdivisions of the Quaternary, based on vertebrates, is given.Downloads
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2013-04-25
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