Conditions for the development of low-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (LT-ATES) in Poland

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7306/gq.1845

Keywords:

LT-ATES, decarbonization, heating market, technical and non-technical conditions, Poland

Abstract

We investigate the fundamental conditions for the effective deployment of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES), focusing on low-temperature applications (LT-ATES) in Poland, identifying opportunities and challenges associated with implementing this technology within national hydrogeological and institutional settings. This study builds upon the findings of the project “Preliminary assessment of thermal energy storage potential in aquifers in Poland” completed in 2024, which provided the first comprehensive evaluation of LT-ATES potential. Our analysis encompasses key technical and regulatory determinants of sustainable system operation, emphasizing the necessity of full groundwater re-injection and rigorous site selection to safeguard water quality and prevent interference with medicinal and thermal water resources. Operational performance may be enhanced through advanced control strategies and systematic well maintenance. A SWOT analysis is applied to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats relevant to LT-ATES deployment in Poland. LT-ATES could play an important role in decarbonizing the national heating sector by supporting distributed systems, building clusters, and small district networks. The technology is increasingly recognized in strategic policy documents such as PEP2040 and the Geothermal Development Roadmap (2021). We conclude with policy recommendations to strengthen regulatory frameworks, increase awareness, and support nationwide implementation across Poland.

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Published

2026-01-14

Issue

Vol. 69 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Articles

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