Ferdynandowska sukcesja pyłkowa w profitu Popioły - Kotlina Toruńska

Abstract

W otworze badawczym Popioły (KotlinaToruńska) nawiercono serię osadów jeziornych. Na podstawie wyników analizy pyłkowej stwierdzono, że diagram pyłkowy z Popiolów prezentuje fragment interglacjalnej sukcesji roślinnej. Wyróżniono w nim 5 następujących faz rozwoju roślinności: bory sosnowe, mieszane lasy liściaste, lasy liściaste z jodłą i cisem, lasy sosnowo-brzozowe i lasy sosnowe z brzozą i płatami łąk śródleśnych. Fazy te stanowią fragment sukcesji roślinnej charakterystycznej dla interglacjału ferdynandowskiego, obejmującej fazy początkowe, optimum klimatyczne i fazy pooptymalne.

THE FERDYNANDÓW POLLEN SUCCESION IN THE PROFILE OF POPIOŁY – TORUŃ VALLEY

It was stated according pollen analysis that the pollen diagram from Popioły represents a fragment of interglacial pollen succession. Five phases of flora development were distinguished in this diagram: Phase 1 - period of pine forests - it characterizes with an occurrence of pine forests with an admixture of larches and spruces and among deciduous trees - birches and alders. Its climate is temperate with relatively warm summers and cold winters.

Phase 2 - period of mixed deciduous forest. The dominated forests were oak woods with limes, elms and pines. The wet areas were vegetated by marshy woods with maple, ashes and alders. The main component of the undergrowth was hazel. Occurrence of such flora type indicates a temperate climate, passing into temperate warm one with mild winters.

Phase 3 - period of deciduous forests with firs and yews. During this phase has changed the structure of the deciduous forests. Dominated tree becomes alder and among the conifers a fir has a significant value. Climate is still temperate warm, probably more cold than during earlier phase but distinctly more humid, with features of oceanic climate.

Phase 4 - period of pine-alder forests. It characterizes with the dense pine-alder forests with an admixture of spruces and larches. Its climate is boreal.

Phase 5 - period of pine forests with birches and areas of intraforest meadows. These forests are of taiga type with clearings vegetated with herbaceous plants, among which dominate the warm-favouring deciduous trees. Climate is cold, with warm summers and cold winters.

The distinct changes of flora are found in the pollen diagram from Popioły. These changes are strikingly similar to ones, observed in the pollen diagrams of the Ferdynandów Interglacial. The diagram from Popioły has an extreme similarity to a fragment of the diagram from Ferdynandów and it corresponds to initial phases of the interglacial, first climatic optimum and post-optimum phases. According results of pollen analysis it was indicated that the deposits from Popioły belong to the Ferdynandów Interglacial.